Edgar Degas Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Edgar Degas - Research Paper Example In addition, being a sentimental and enthusiastic innovative individual, he additionally drew the colorful pictures of ladies, which keep up interminable captivation and unabated interest in it. It is along these lines his work experience amazing affirmation and esteem. However, he was unable to procure popularity before all else, and needed to put forth hard attempts to win the consideration of the craftsmanship darlings, yet he left his contemporary specialists a long ways behind by dint of his clever inventiveness and amazing creative mind. Therefore, his works of art are as yet making business in practically all pieces of the globe. Parts of Degass work - for the most part, his expressive dance artistic creations from the 1880s - have for some time been well known with an expansive crowd; to an extreme so to their benefit. (artchive.com) The shower and brushing oil canvases of ladies, delivered by Degas, remind the artistic watchers the most fabulous character of Belinda and her changing area made by acclaimed English writer of Classical Era Alexander Pope in his magnificent sonnet Rape of the Lock. Belinda is seen as the most breathtaking character at any point made throughout the entire existence of Continental Literature. Being the admirer of craftsmanship, I likewise welcome the artistic creations made by Degas identified with the shower and toilette, where he has ably drawn each wrinkle of the body while drawing the sketch of the lady after shower. The shading blend of the scene is exceptionally near normal magnificence. The image additionally uncovers profound perception of this capable craftsman, who has remembered everything that fundamental for a popular toilette of the women having a place with tip top layer of society. It is in this manner the future craftsmen impersonate his style and attempt to make representations and drawings in similar lines embraced by

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Universal Business Strategy - Essay Example Especially when organizations like the Wal-Mart are associated with this industry, a definite report gives a thought on the excursion of the organization where the consumer loyalty intended to assume an essential job in the achievement of any organization. The investigation has attempted to consider the underlying stages when the idea of rebate retailing was not alluring among the clients, along these lines deciding the underlying status and techniques of the Wal-Mart Company. Accordingly a comprehension of the company’s position and dangers in the business during the 1950s has been led through the examination. Additionally, the learning decides the way where the organization has had the option to increase upper hand over its rivals. This includes the business methodologies that the organization concentrated on including the degree of consumer loyalty. The achievement of the organization likewise relies upon the capacity of the organization to deal with its maintainability and along these lines the company’s remain in this setting is additionally noteworthy for the specific examination. In conclusion, the company’s passage into the German and the UK market would likewise think about the company’s explanations behind progress at one area while disappointment in another. In this way the examination has been engaged to have a total review on the Wal-Mart Company and its procedures from the early occasions till the current occasions considering the capacity of the organization to pick up and support its prosperity. Case Analysis-Wal-Mart 2. Allure of the markdown retailing industry in the USA when Wal-Mart initially started tasks during the 1950s: 2.1. Presentation: The presence of the markdown retailing stores can be followed back to the 1940s and the beginning of the 1950s. The reason for these stores was to serve the groups of those kids who were conceived after...Wal-Mart is a main retail location known to act in the markdown retaili ng industry giving a wide scope of customer items (Discount Stores, 2011). 2.2. Markdown Retailing Industry in the USA during the 1950s: To comprehend the appeal of the rebate retailing industry during the 1950s and mid 1960s, the utilization of Porter’s Five Forces (Jia, 2007, p.1) would be helpful. Considering the contention factor, concentrates from the contextual analysis just as different sources uncover that the presentation of the markdown retail locations during the 1950s prompted extreme restriction from other retail organizations and stores that were little in size. Issues identifying with the end of little shops, or lesser business openings were viewed as the outcomes of the markdown retail locations being presented (Jia, 2007, p.1). In spite of the fact that Wal-Mart began its tasks during this timeframe, however there were other market players making rivalries for the organization, similar to Target and K-Mart (Guillame, 2011). 2.3. Dangers from new contestants: As indicated by this power, an organization may have dangers from different organizations that may wish to enter the market on observing an organization having exceptional yields in a specific area. Along these lines the degree of rivalry will in general increment (Ahlstrom and Bruton, 2009, p.133).

The Im??rt?n?? of Product Positioning t? the M?rk?ting Pl?n

The Im??rt?n?? of Product Positioning t? the M?rk?ting Pl?n Have ??u ?v?r w?nd?r?d h?w m?rk?t?r? kn?w wh?t product t? bring t? ??ur door ?t???Well, they looked you up.That way, it seems like they’ve just got that stuff you are looking for at the time you are looking for it.If on the other hand as a marketer you wonder how your colleagues are making huge sales.Well, they sell more because they position better.Product positioning is a f?rm ?f m?rk?ting th?t ?r???nt? the b?n?fit? of ??ur product to a ??rti?ul?r t?rg?t ?udi?n??. Thr?ugh m?rk?t research and focus gr?u??, m?rk?t?r? ??n d?t?rmin? which audience t? t?rg?t b???d ?n favorable r????n??? to the ?r?du?t. It’s almost like magic.R????r?h can ?l?? d?t?rmin? which ?r?du?t b?n?fit? ?r? th? m??t appealing to th?m.Knowing this inf?rm?ti?n h?l?? streamline m?rk?ting efforts ?nd ?r??t? ?ff??tiv? marketing m????g?? th?t driv? m?r? l??d? and ??l??.It ?l?? h?l?? diff?r?nti?t? th? ?r?du?t ?r service fr?m th? ??m??titi?n in th? m?rk?t?l???.Pr?du?t ???iti?ning i? ?n im??rt?nt ??m??n?nt ?f ?n? m?rk?t ing plan, but it d???n’t h?v? t? b? limited t? ?n? ?udi?n??.F?r example, a ?r?du?t m?? h?v? a m?in t?rg?t ?udi?n?? ?nd ?l?? a ????nd?r? ?udi?n?? th?t i? also int?r??t?d in the ?r?du?t, but ??rh??? in a diff?r?nt w??.E??h audience will find th? product ?????ling for diff?r?nt reasons, which is wh? it’? im??rt?nt to tailor marketing m????g?? t? f??u? on th? b?n?fit? each ?udi?n?? v?lu?? m??t.Elements ?f Pr?du?t PositioningPr?du?t ???iti?ning can involve a number ?f different ?l?m?nt?. A ?r?du?t can be ???iti?n?d in a f?v?r?bl? way f?r a t?rg?t audience through ?dv?rti?ing, th? channels ?dv?rti??d thr?ugh, th? ?r?du?t packaging, ?nd ?v?n th? way the product i? ?ri??d. F?r ?x?m?l?, market research m?? have revealed that the ?r?du?t is ???ul?r among mothers. What d? th?? lik? ?b?ut th? ?r?du?t? Wh?t ?h?uld b? highlighted about th? product t? ?ttr??t them? And wh?r? ?h?uld the ?r?du?t b? ?dv?rti??d to reach them? With the answers to th??? questions, ?n ?ff??tiv? marketing ??m??ign ??n b? ?r??t?d t? send b?n?fit-driv?n m????g?? to the target ?udi?n?? wh?r?v?r th?? m?? b? (?u?h ?? F???b??k, wh?r? t?rg?t?d ?d? ??n b? purchased b???d ?n demographics ?nd int?r??t?).WHY IS PRODUCT POSITIONING IS IMPORTANT TO THE MARKETING PLAN? In m?rk?ting, a products t?rg?t m?rk?t is a set ?f ??n?um?r? with ?imil?r characteristics and n??d? who might be int?r??t?d in bu?ing th? product.Marketers ???iti?n their ?r?du?t within the target m?rk?t t? g?in new ?u?t?m?r? and ?u????d in ???uring m?r? customers th?n ??m??ting ?r?du?t?. P??iti?ning requires m?rk?t?r? to research their customers ?? th?? und?r?t?nd th? ??int of vi?w ?f t?rg?t m?mb?r?.Once m?rk?t?r? ??? th? product fr?m the ?u?t?m?r ??r????tiv?, th?? ??n use ?dv?rti?ing t? persuade t?rg?t m?rk?t m?mb?r? t? bu? the product.H?r? are a f?w reasons ?r?du?t positioning is im??rt?nt to marketing:1. Customer N??d?Eff??tiv? ?r?du?t ???iti?ning requires a clear understanding ?f ?u?t?m?r needs ?? th?t th? right communication channels ?r? ??l??t?d ?nd k?? m????g?? will resonate with customers.Pr?du?t ???iti?ning starts with id?ntif?ing specific, niche market segments to target not ju?t w?m?n ?v?r 25 but women fr?m 25 to 30 who w?rk in ??ni?r-l?v?l management ???iti?n?, make $X per ???r, ?r? ?ingl? ?nd ?nj?? sporting ??tiviti??.Th? m?r? ????ifi?, th? b?tt?r.In ?dditi?n t? id?ntif?ing the ?u?t?m?r b???d ?n demographic ?nd ????h?gr??hi? (??r??n?lit?/lif??t?l?) ?ttribut??, m?rk?t?r? need t? und?r?t?nd ?u?t?m?r n??d?, ?????i?ll? relative t? the ?r?du?t? and ??rvi??? th?? h?v? t? ?ff?r, t? ?l??rl? ??nv?? value ?? ??rt of their m?rk?ting ?l?n. With?ut proper product ???iti?ning, marketing ?l?n? ?r? in??m?l?t?.2. T? Make Entire Organisation M?rk?t-?ri?nt?dProduct positioning i? a ??rt ?f th? broader marketing philosophy. It concerns with id?ntif?ing ?u??ri?r ?????t? ?f product ?nd matching th?m with consumers m?r? ?ff??tiv?l? th?n ??m??titi?n?.This philosophy m?k?? the ?ntir? organisation market ?ri?nt?d.Attention-Capturing ?nd Cost S?ving?C?n?um?r? face ??mmuni??ti?n ?h?nn?l? fill?d ?r ?v?n overfilled with marketing and advertisements. The fragmentation of ??n?um?r ?tt?nti?n across ?n expanding numb?r of communication ?h?nn?l?, r?nging fr?m ?t?nd?rd network television, ?tr??ming vid?? and mu?i? ?nlin? t? m???iv? multi?l???r games and bl?g?, magnifies this problem.P??iti?ning f??u??? ?n a ??rti?ul?r gr?u? and highlight? and ?im?lifi?? the ?r?du?t elements that speak t? th?t m?rk?t segment, ?ll?wing th? m????g? to ?ut through the ??mmuni??ti?n ?lutt?r.Th? n?rr?wing d?wn ?f th? market segments that driv? ???iti?ning can help r?du?? ?dv?rti?ing costs by limiting th? ??mmuni??ti?n ?h?nn?l? ?m?l???d t? d?liv?r ?dv?rti?ing. A bu?in??? w?uld likely forgo m??t ?r ?ll online ?dv?rti?ing on a ?r?du?t ?im?d at ??ni?r ?itiz?n?, because th?t m?rk?t segment ???nd? a minim?l amount of tim? ?nlin?.On the ?th?r hand, a business ??uld ?r?b?bl? limit t?l?vi?i?n advertising ?r f??u? ?n a ?m?ll handful ?f ?h?nn?l? f?r ?r? du?t? aimed ?t the tw?nt?-??m?thing ?r?wd, b???u?? that segment ???nd? ??m??r?tiv?l? limit?d time watching TV. Th? ?x?lu?i?n ?r limitation ?f ?n? ??mmuni??ti?n ?h?nn?l TV especially ??n mean a ?ub?t?nti?l savings in ??ur marketing ??m??ign.3. C?m??titiv? Pr???ur??Marketers must weigh ??m??titiv? pressures wh?n th?? are ??n?id?ring th? ???iti?ning ?l?m?nt? ?f th?ir m?rk?ting ?l?n?.Eff??tiv? positioning ??nv??? t? ??n?um?r? wh? thi? ??m??n?? ?r?du?t ?r ??rvi?? ?h?uld be preferred ?v?r other competitive ??ti?n? based ?n wh?t the company kn?w? ?b?ut th? target ?udi?n??? needs.Eff??tiv? marketing ?l?n? ?l??rl? identify how th? ??m??n?? ?r?du?t? ?r services ?r? different from ??m??tit?r? offerings and in wh?t w???.Th?r? is n? v?lu? in b?ing a m? t?? product ?ff?ring ?nd ?im?l? copying wh?t ??m??tit?r? are d?ing. M?rk?t?r? mu?t ?t?nd ?ut fr?m th? ?r?wd in w??? that h?ld v?lu? f?r their t?rg?t m?rk?t?. Thi? is wh? m?rk?t r????r?h ?nd product ???iti?ning i? very important to th? marketing plan4. C?mmuni??ti?n Ch?nn?l?Pr?du?t ???iti?ning h?l?? marketers ??n?id?r h?w th?ir offerings are diff?r?nt fr?m ?th?r? that ??n?um?r? h?v? t? ?h???? from.But it i? n?t enough t? know this fr?m ?n int?rn?l perspective marketers mu?t ??mmuni??t? thi? t? th? t?rg?t audiences.T? d? thi? ?ff??tiv?l?, th?? mu?t ?h???? ??mmuni??ti?n ?h?nn?l? th?t ?r? designed t? ??nn??t with their id?ntifi?d target ?udi?n??? ?t times wh?n they will b? most receptive to these m????g??.C?n?id?r how ?ut?m?bil? m?nuf??tur?r? ???iti?n th?ir products thr?ugh communication vi? t?l?vi?i?n ??mm?r?i?l? during ???rting events, f?r in?t?n??, or h?w cosmetics m?nuf??tur?r? run full-page, full-??l?r ?d? in womens magazines.It’s ?ll ?b?ut ???iti?ning ??ur ?r?du?t, ?nd marketing can’t d? without ???iti?ning.5. T? Communicate N?w ?nd Varied F??tur? Added Later ?nWhen a ??m??n? ?h?ng?? qualities ?nd/?r f??tur?? of th? existing products, such im?r?v?m?nt? ??n b? ???iti?n?d ?g?in?t products ?ff?r?d by the ??m??tit?r?. P roduct positioning im?r?v?? competitive strength of a ??m??n?.Normally, consumers consider ?r?du?t advantages before th?? bu? it.S?, ?r?du?t ???iti?ning ?r?v?? ?u??ri?rit? of ??m??n?’? ?ff?r? ?v?r ??m??tit?r?. It m?? also h?l? ??n?um?r? in ?h???ing th? right ?r?du?t.We liv? in ?n over-communicated ???i?t? â€" ??r ???it? ??n?um?ti?n ?f ?dv?rti?ing in the d?v?l???d world is at all-time high?. A? a r??ult, w? ??? ?r?und 5,000 to 10,000 adverts ?v?r? d??. For br?nd? to ?ut through th? jungl? of m????g?? we ??? d?il?, th? ?nl? h??? ?f l?nding a ?un?h i? t? be ?xtr?m?l? selective ?n wh? w? t?rg?t. Thi? means ??n??ntr?ting ?n n?rr?w target m?rk?t? and to ??gm?nt those markets even further f?r m?r? ?ff??tiv? m????ging. Thi? i? the ?rt ?f positioning.It’? a crucial ingr?di?nt in the bu?ing ?r????? â€" it’? ?b?ut ??t?bli?hing a place in ??ur ?r?????t’? mind. A place th?t m??n? ??m?thing. It’? ??ur ????rtunit? t? influ?n?? ??ur t?rg?t market’s ??r???ti?n ?f ??ur ?r?du?t? ?nd ??rvi? ??.If ??u ?h???? n?t to ?ddr??? the i??u? ?f product ???iti?ning h??d on, ??u are unlikely to succeed. Consumers ?r? ??n?t?ntl? positioning products in th?ir mind â€" if ??u don’t h?l? th?m, th??’ll position it with th? help of your competitors. Consequently, ??u w?n’t b? ??int?d in a g??d light.Cl??r, concise and m??ningful product ???iti?ning h?l?? ??u t? ?ut through the r?l?ntl??? n?i?? your competitors (and even unrelated ?r?du?t?) in th? m?rk?t?l???. On?? ??u’v? entered th? mind of ??ur ?r?????t, th?? can put your m????g?? into ??nt?xt with your ???iti?ning and th?? h?v? a b?tt?r chance of ?utting thr?ugh.6. Carefully Cr?ft?d Key M????g??Eff??tiv? product ???iti?ning ?l?? ??nv??? the differentiating, v?lu?-?dding ?????t? ?f ??ur ?r?du?t or ??rvi?? t? ??ur t?rg?t audience thr?ugh the ??mmuni??ti?n channels you h?v? selected.Th??? m????g?? ?r? designed t? ??nv?? how ??ur ?r?du?t i? diff?r?nt (?nd b?tt?r) th?n ??m??titiv? ?ff?ring?, ?? w?ll ?? to ?ddr??? th? v?lu?-?dd?d ?t tribut?? th?t are im??rt?nt t? ??ur ?udi?n??.Pr?du?t ???iti?ning i? ?t the f?und?ti?n of ?n? effective marketing plan b???u?? it im???t? th? ultim?t? ?ur?h??? d??i?i?n.7. To Cope with M?rk?t Ch?ng??On?? th? ?r?du?t i? positioned ?u?????full? doesn’t m??n th? task ?f m?n?g?r i? ?v?r. He h?? t? constantly watch th? m?rk?t.A? ??r n?w d?v?l??m?nt? in the market place, n?w ??m??titiv? advantages ?h?uld b? id?ntifi?d, discovered ?r developed t? suit the ?h?nging expectations ?f the market. It makes th? manager ??tiv?, alert ?nd d?n?mi?.8. Pr?mium paymentsG??d ???iti?ning ??m?nt? th? product in the ?u?t?m?r’? awareness which g??d f?r marketing. It giv?? th? customer inf?rm?ti?n ?b?ut th? ?r?du?t in unique w?? th?t resonates ?nd ?t?t?? th?ir mind f?r?v?r.If executed ??rr??tl?, ???iti?ning creates v?lu?, ?n?uring th?t ?u?t?m?r will ??? m?r? f?r th? ?r?du?t b???u?? th?? und?r?t?nd and agree with th? product’s position.This ?x??uti?n r??uir?? u?ing advertising t? ?x?l?in t? ??n?um?r? the similarities ?nd differences between the ?r?du?t ?nd ??m??ting ?r?du?t? ?? th?t ?u?t?m?r? und?r?t?nd wh? th?? ?h?uld ??? a ?r?mium.9. BrandingC?m??ni?? ??n ?h???? t? ?xt?nd th?ir ???iti?ning t? ?r??t? a brand. A brand i? a ??m??n? n?m? th?t labels a ?r?du?t ?r f?mil? of products ?nd carries a di?tin?t ???iti?n in th? minds ?f customers. Br?nd? th?t ?u?t?m?r? ??? ?? positive command premium prices.Brands ??n extend th?ir m?rk?t ???iti?n to n?w ?r?du?t? th?t th? ??r?nt ??m??n? intr?du???. This ?n advantage ?v?r ??m??ni?? who d?n’t h?v? br?nd positioning b???u?? unbr?nd?d new ?ff?ring? can’t ??mm?nd a ?r?mium.10. C?t?g?r? ClaimsM?rk?t?r? u?? advertising t? makes claims ?b?ut the category that the ?r?du?t b?l?ng? to ?nd d???rib? th? ?r?du?t’? ???iti?n in the ??t?g?r?. Category claims d???rib? h?w th? ?r?du?t i? better th?n competitors.For ?x?m?l?, ?n ?dv?rti??m?nt for a ??n ??uld make th? ??t?g?r? claim that it runs out ?f ink l??? ?ft?n th?n ?th?r pens.C?t?g?r? ?l?im? h?l? d?fin ? ?nd ?tr?ngth?n the ?r?du?t position ?nd ?v?r?ll br?nd.11. To M??t Ex???t?ti?n of Bu??r?Generally, th? ?dv?nt?g?? t? b? ??mmuni??t?d are d??id?d ?n th? b??i? of ?x???t?ti?n? of th? t?rg?t buyers. S?, product ???iti?ning can help r??liz? ??n?um?r?’ ?x???t?ti?n?.12. T? Pr?m?t? Consumer G??dwill ?nd LoyaltySystematic product positioning r?inf?r??? th? company’s name, it? product and br?nd. It ???ul?riz?? th? brand. Th? ??m??n? can ?r??t? g??dwill ?nd ??n win ?u?t?m?r l???lt?.The ?x??n?? associated with th? r????r?h that n?rm?ll? precedes ?r?du?t ???iti?ning represents th? m?in weakness of th? approach. Larger ??m??ni?? ?ft?n hir? marketing firm? to ??ndu?t extensive research, in?luding ?urv??? ?nd in-depth focus groups, to pin d?wn th? right m?rk?t ??gm?nt ?nd ??l??t th? appropriate packaging, ??l?r schemes ?nd ?v?n th? m??t appealing w?rd combinations. M??t small businesses lack the resources t? d??l?? a high-??w?r?d m?rk?ting r????r?h firm ?nd must r?l? ?n l???-f?rm?l m?th?d?l?g i?? to ?r??t? ?r?du?t positioning. Thi? may r??ult in in?d??u?t? preparation ?nd l??d t? a l???-?ff??tiv? ?r?du?t ???iti?ning ??m??ign.13. DifferentiationIf ?u?t?m?r? see ?n?ugh ???itiv? differences b?tw??n a product ???iti?n ?nd its ??m??tit?r? position the product b???m?? diff?r?nti?t?d.This means that th? ?r?du?t has th? ??m??titiv? advantage ?nd many customers b?li?v? th?t the product ??rf?rm? b?tt?r ?nd in w??? that ??m??ting products cannot perform.Th? customer may f??l that th?? have ?n ?dv?nt?g? over ?th?r ????l? wh? d?n’t u?? the ?r?du?t.Customers wh? t?ll others about thi? advantage furth?r diff?r?nti?t? b? making w?rd-?f-m?uth ??t?g?r? claims, enhancing the ?r?du?t’? ???iti?n ?nd ??r??ding favorable inf?rm?ti?n ?b?ut th? br?nd.Pr?du?ti?n P??iti?ning f?r Sm?ll Bu?in?????Whil? l?rg?r corporations h?v? th? budg?t? f?r ?xt?n?iv? m?rk?t r????r?h, ?m?ll bu?in????? m?? have a diffi?ult tim? ??ming u? with th? tim? ?r m?n?? t? d? it in depth. Instead ?f running focus gr?u?? ? nd d?ing t?n? ?f r????r?h, a ?m?ll bu?in??? ?wn?r ??n simply ??k th?ir n?tw?rk f?r th?ir ??ini?n?.If th?? ??ll??t information ?n ?u?t?m?r? ?nd their ?ur?h????, future ?r?du?t ???iti?ning strategies ??n b? b???d ?n ??tu?l sales d?t?.Thi? m?? ?v?n b? m?r? effective th?n b??ing ?r?du?t ???iti?ning ?n th? ??ini?n? ?f ??t?nti?l ?u?t?m?r?, such as in a f??u? gr?u?, because thi? ???iti?ning i? based ?n r??l behavior rather th?n ????ul?ti?n.14. Firm C?mmitm?ntWhil? a positioning ?t?t?m?nt is an internal m?rk?ting ??mmuni??ti?n, it ?l?? ?r?vid?? direction f?r wh?t ??u t?ll customers.If you use ?r?m?ti?n to project an im?g? ?f t?? quality, f?r instance, ??u pin ??ur r??ut?ti?n to th?t premise.Having a sense of dut? ?nd the urgency t? f?ll?w-thr?ugh often is g??d for m?tiv?ting a bu?in??? ?nd it? ?m?l?????. It ??n h?ld ??u ????unt?bl? f?r addressing any product ??n??rn? and th? n??d t? innovate ?g?in?t ??m??tit?r?.15. T? Design Pr?m?ti?n?l StrategyM?r? meaningful promotional ?r?gr?mm? ??n b? d ??ign?d. Based on wh?t advantages ?r? t? b? to intr?du??   new pr?du?t su?????full?. Pr?du?t positioning ??n ???i?t a ??m??n? in intr?du?ing a n?w ?r?du?t in the m?rk?t.It can position n?w ?nd ?u??ri?r advantages ?f th? ?r?du?t ?nd can ??n?tr?t? th? m?rk?t ???il?.THE GOALS OF PRODUCT POSITIONINGTh? ?im i? t? ???iti?n a product in th? mind of your ?r?????tiv? bu??r? and t? keep it t?? ?f mind wh?n th?? ?r? ??n?id?ring a purchase.To cut through, ??ur ???iti?ning must ??hi?v? thr?? ?bj??tiv??:It ?h?uld diff?r?nti?t? ??ur ?r?du?t fr?m your ??m??tit?r?’It should ?ddr??? im??rt?nt bu?ing ?rit?ri? in th? eyes ?f your ?r?????tIt ?h?uld ?rti?ul?t? k?? b?n?fit? ?r ?h?r??t?ri?ti?? ?f ??ur ?r?du?t ?r companyThe most successful ?r?du?t ???iti?ning ?tr?t?gi?? f?ll?w a ?im?l? set of ?h?r??t?ri?ti?? th?t ?r? n?t t?? di??imil?r t? th? b??t m?rk?ting messages.Th?? f??u? on d?liv?ring one primary messageTh?? m??n ??m?thing t? the t?rg?t audienceTh?? ???itiv?l? differentiate ?g?in?t the ??m??titi?nTh ?? ?r? r?l?v?nt t? th? t?rg?t ?udi?n??, n?t ju?t t?d?? â€" but int? th? futur?It i? believable, r?l?t?bl? ?nd credibleTHE ROAD TO ESTABLISHING YOUR POSITIONT? achieve the thr?? key ?bj??tiv?? of ?u?????ful ???iti?ning ?tr?t?gi?? ?utlin?d ?b?v?, you must h?v? a d??? und?r?t?nding ?f th? thr?? ?ill?r? ?f ???iti?ning. Y?u mu?t und?r?t?nd how ??ur t?rg?t m?rk?t m?k?? bu?ing d??i?i?n?.You mu?t und?r?t?nd how ??ur competitors ???iti?n th?ir ?r?du?t?. And ??u mu?t und?r?t?nd wh?t ??ur ?r?du?t has t? offer ?nd how it i? different.The three pillars are h??vil? int?rd???nd?nt. Th?r?f?r?, th?? mu?t be balanced with fin???? to ??hi?v? ??m??titiv? ?dv?nt?g?. If you ?nl? understand two ?f th? thr?? ?ill?r?, ??u lik?l? d?n’t know enough t? ?u?????full? ???iti?n ??ur product in th? context of ??ur prospects ?nd th? market.Und?r?t?nd ??ur target marketT? begin understanding your t?rg?t audience, ??u must d?v?l?? your ideal buyer ?r?fil? ?nd bu??r ??r??n??. This r??uir?? ?rim?r? research â€" ????ki ng t? your ?u?t?m?r? ?nd prospects directly â€" but it helps you to build an und?r?t?nding of your t?rg?t customer’s bu?ing ?rit?ri?:What ?r?du?t features ?r? im??rt?nt th?m?What ?r?du?t b?n?fit? do th?? ?m?h??i???H?w have you helped your ?xi?ting ?u?t?m?r? ??lv? their ?r?bl?m??Whi?h of those were the m??t important ?r achieved th? greatest outcome?Li?t their bu?ing ?rit?ri?, problems ?nd fru?tr?ti?n? in order ?f im??rt?n??. If ????ibl?, assign a quantitative weighting t? ???h ?rit?ri?n. If primary research in ??ur t?rg?t ?udi?n?? is n?t f???ibl?, ??n?ult ??ur ??l?? t??m, indu?tr? experts ?nd third ??rt? r???ur??? lik? F???b??k Groups, Cr?ig?li?t ?nd U??rT??ting t? create best-guess ???um?ti?n?.An?l?z? your competitorsR????r?h ??ur m?rk?t th?r?ughl?. Thi? r??uir?? a l?t ?f w?rk with a ??mbin?ti?n ?f ?rim?r? ?nd ????nd?r? r????r?h. Y?u ?h?uld look at the wh?l? m?rk?t â€" it’? th? ?nl? way t? und?r?t?nd th? ??nt?xt of th? ?ntir? m?rk?t.H?w?v?r, you should th?n ??m?l?t? more in-d?? th research ?n your five most im??rt?nt ??m??tit?r?.D?t?rmin? h?w th?? ???iti?n themselves, ??r??b??k examples ?f th?ir m????ging, sign-up to th?ir email n?w?l?tt?r?, g? thr?ugh th?ir ??l?? ?r?????, id?ntif? th? ?tr?t?gi?? th??’r? u?ing ?nd h?w ?u?????ful they have b??n.M?? bu?ing ?rit?ri? against th? ??m??titiv? l?nd?????N?w that ??u’v? ??m?l?t?d most ?f your m?rk?t r????r?h, you need t? m?? ??ur t?rg?t market’s bu?ing ?rit?ri? ?g?in?t your competitors’ ?r?du?t ???iti?ning.Cr??t? a t?bl? with two ??lumn? â€" ?n? with ??ur ?ri?riti??d and weighted buying ?rit?ri?, ?nd th? ????nd with how your competitors position against these ?rit?ri?.H?w d??? ???h of ??ur competitors ???iti?n th?m??lv?? ?g?in?t the t?rg?t ?udi?n??’? n??d??It’s ?uit? n?rm?l f?r m?r? th?n ?n? ??m??tit?r t? battle f?r th? ??m? ???iti?n in the m?rk?t. Expect the market l??d?r t? h?v? established a ?tr?ng ???iti?n within the highest ?ri?rit? buying ?rit?ri?. L??k ?ut f?r ??m??tit?r? wh? ?r? tr?ing t? ???u?? ??v?r?l positions th?ir positioning is ?r?b?bl? ??nfu??d. Don’t be ?ur?ri??d if one ?r more bu?ing criteria ?r? not b?ing targeted b? ?n? of your ??m??tit?r?.Try t? und?r?t?nd th? ‘wh?’ behind your ?n?l??i?. Wh? i? n?b?d? t?rg?ting X n??d? Wh? are Competitor A ?nd B b?ttling f?r criteria Y? How ??m? n?b?d? h?? tri?d to b?ttl? th? m?rk?t leader on th?ir ???iti?ning?Assess your product’s strength ?g?in?t th? t?rg?t ?udi?n??’? bu?ing ?rit?ri?During your ??nv?r??ti?n? with ??ur ?u?t?m?r?, ??u asked whi?h ?r?bl?m? ??u’v? h?l??d th?m to ??lv?. Y?u ?l?? asked them whi?h h?d th? gr??t??t impact ?n their business. C?mbin?d t?g?th?r, thi? d?t? will giv? ??u a gr??t vi?w on wh?r? your ?r?du?t is strong.You ?h?uld also look ?utw?rd â€" ?n?l??? ??ur ?r?du?t ?g?in?t ??ur competitors’ b???u?? it’? important t? und?r?t?nd the context of th? m?rk?t. If you ??n, buy ?nd dir??tl? ??m??r? your ?r?du?t? t? ??ur ??m??tit?r?’. If you ??n’t, d? your secondary r????r?h â€" ?l???? lik? G2Crowd ?r? gr??t f?r finding r?vi?w? ?f S??S products.For those in a diff?r?nt industry, start b? l??king on indu?tr?-r?l?t?d f?rum?, m????g? b??rd?, reviews ?nd gr?u?? where ????l? ?r? ?h?ring their th?ught? ?n diff?r?nt ??m??tit?r? in the m?rk?t. This ?h?uld giv? ??u some ?l??r ?ign?l? on wh?t’? h?t ?nd what’s not.Look f?r ??ur m?rk?t opportunitiesFir?t of ?ll, review ??ur research and analysis, ?nd th?n determine the opportunities that exist in the m?rk?t. I? th?r? an opportunity where you ??n d?liv?r and excel? W?uld you ??hi?v? ??ur bu?in??? g??l? if you ?u?????full? ???iti?n?d ??ur??lf in the vacant ???iti?n?If th?r? ?r? n? v???nt ????rtuniti?? in th? market (or th?r? ?r?, but it d???n’t m?k? sense to position ??ur??lf th?r?), you mu?t d??id? whi?h ??m??tit?r t? t?rg?t. In th? ?x?m?l?, I’v? deliberately ?i?k?d a very ?r?wd?d m?rk?t. There ?r? a l?t ?f ??m??tit?r? in the cloud h??ting indu?tr?, but it’? important t? n?t? th?t there’s still a hug? ????rtunit? t? dif ferentiate and achieve r??id gr?wth.Y?u mu?t determine whether th? buyer need i? strong enough, and wh?th?r ??u can ??ti?f? that n??d â€" or a ??mbin?ti?n ?f needs â€" b?tt?r th?n ?n??n? else. Are ??ur ??m??tit?r? vuln?r?bl? to ?tt??k if ??u ???iti?n on th?ir key buying ?rit?ri?? You must ??k ??ur??lf thi? ?u??ti?n, b???u?? th? b?ttl? will b? fi?r?? once ??u ?t?rt ?ng?ging.You’ll n??d t? find a b???hh??d t? ??t?bli?h a ?tr?ng h?ld on as ??u ?nt?r ??ur ??m??tit?r?’ market segment. I’v? ?u?????full? positioned ?r?du?t? ?n a hybrid of v?r? related bu?ing ?rit?ri?, but ultim?t?l? ?n? criteria mu?t t?k? ?ri?rit? ?r ??u ri?k blending in â€" w? ??hi?v?d thi? with extreme f??u?. W? t?rg?t?d ?ur beachhead ?nd th?n expanded ?ut once the ?tr?ngh?ld had b??n ??t?bli?h?dPOSITIONING STRATEGYPositioning ?tr?t?gi?? ??n b? ??n??iv?d ?nd d?v?l???d in a variety of w???. It ??n b? d?riv?d fr?m th? ?bj??t attributes, ??m??titi?n, ???li??ti?n, the types ?f ??n?um?r? involved, ?r th? characteristics ?f th? ?r?du?t class.All th??? attributes r??r???nt a diff?r?nt approach in d?v?l??ing ???iti?ning ?tr?t?gi??, even th?ugh ?ll ?f them h?v? th? ??mm?n ?bj??tiv? ?f ?r?j??ting a favorable image in th? mind? ?f the ??n?um?r? or audience.Th?r? ?r? seven approaches t? ???iti?ning     strategies:U?ing Product ?h?r??t?ri?ti?? ?r Cu?t?m?r Benefits as a ???iti?ning ?tr?t?g?Thi? ?tr?t?g? b??i??ll? f??u??? u??n th? ?h?r??t?ri?ti?? ?f th? ?r?du?t ?r ?u?t?m?r benefits. F?r example if I ??? Imported it?m? it b??i??ll? t?ll or illu?tr?t? a v?ri?t? ?f product ?h?r??t?ri?ti?? ?u?h as dur?bilit?, ???n?m? ?r reliability ?t?.Lets t?k? ?n ?x?m?l? ?f m?t?rbik?? ??m? ?r? emphasizing on fuel ???n?m?, some ?n power, looks ?nd others stress on th?ir dur?bilit?. H?r? C??l?? Ltd. ???iti?n? fir?t, ?m?h??izing dur?bilit? ?nd style f?r it? cycle.At tim? ?v?n ??u w?uld h?v? n?ti??d th?t a ?r?du?t i? ???iti?n?d ?l?ng tw? or m?r? product ?h?r??t?ri?ti?? at th? same tim?. Y?u w?uld h?v? ???n thi? in the ???? ?f t?? th???t? m?rk?t, m??t t??th???t? in?i?t? on ‘fr??hn???’ and ‘??vit? fighter’ ?? th? product ?h?r??t?ri?ti??.It is always t?m?ting t? tr? to ???iti?n ?l?ng ??v?r?l product characteristics, ?? it i? fru?tr?ting t? h?v? ??m? g??d ?h?r??t?ri?ti?? that are not ??mmuni??t?d.Pri?ing ?? a ???iti?ning strategyQuality Approach ?r Positioning by Price-Quality â€" Lets t?k? an ?x?m?l? and und?r?t?nd thi? ???r???h ju?t suppose ??u h?v? to g? and bu? a ??ir ?fj??n?, ?? ???n as ??u enter in th? ?h?? you will find diff?r?nt ?ri?? r?g? j??n? in the ?h?wr??m say ?ri?? ranging from $35 to $200. A? soon ?? look at th? j??n? of $35 ??u ??? th?t it is not good in quality.Wh?? B??i??ll? b???u?? ?f perception, ?? most ?f u? ??r??iv? that if a ?r?du?t i? ?x??n?iv? will b? a ?u?lit? product wh?r? ?? ?r?du?t th?t i? cheap i? lower in ?u?lit?. If w? l??k ?t this Pri?? â€" quality ???r???h it i? im??rt?nt ?nd i? l?rg?l? used in ?r?du?t ???iti?ning.In m?n? ?r?du?t categories, th?r? are brands th?t d?lib?r ?t?l? ?tt?m?t t? ?ff?r m?r? in t?rm? of ??rvi??, f??tur?? or ??rf?rm?n??.They ?h?rg? m?r?, ??rtl? t? ??v?r high?r costs ?nd ??rtl? to l?t the ??n?um?r? b?li?v? that th? ?r?du?t i?, certainly ?f higher ?u?lit?.Positioning ?tr?t?g? b???d ?n U?? or A??li??ti?nL?t? understand thi? with th? h?l? ?f ?n example like Nescafe Coffee for m?n? ???r? ???iti?n?d it ??lf ?? a wint?r product and ?dv?rti??d mainly in wint?r but th? intr?du?ti?n of cold ??ff?? h?? d?v?l???d a ???iti?ning ?tr?t?g? for the ?umm?r m?nth? ?l??.Basically this type of positioning-by-use r??r???nt? a ????nd or third ???iti?n for th? br?nd, ?u?h type ?f positioning is d?n? deliberately t? ?x??nd the brand’s m?rk?t. If ??u are intr?du?ing new uses ?f th? product th?t will ?ut?m?ti??ll? ?x??nd th? br?nd’? m?rk?t.Positioning ?tr?t?g? b???d ?n Pr?du?t Pr?????An?th?r ???iti?ning approach is t? ?????i?t? th? product with it? u??r? ?r a ?l??? ?f u??r?. M?k?? ?f ???u?l ?l?thing lik? j??n? have introduced ‘d??ign?r labels’ t ? d?v?l?? a f??hi?n im?g?.In this ???? the ?x???t?ti?n is that th? m?d?l ?r ??r??n?lit? will influence the ?r?du?t’? im?g? b? r?fl??ting th? ?h?r??t?ri?ti?? ?nd im?g? ?f th? model ?r ??r??n?lit? ??mmuni??t?d ?? a ?r?du?t u??r.L?t? not forget th?t Johnson ?nd Johnson r????iti?n?d its shampoo fr?m ?n? u??d f?r babies t? ?n? u??d b? ????l? wh? w??h th?ir h?ir fr??u?ntl? ?nd therefore n??d a mild people who w??h their h?ir frequently ?nd therefore n??d a mild ?h?m???. Thi? repositioning r??ult?d in a m?rk?t share.P??iti?ning ?tr?t?g? b???d on Product Cl???In ??m? product ?l??? we have to m?k? ?ur? ?riti??l ???iti?ning d??i?i?n? F?r ?x?m?l?, freeze dri?d ??ff?? n??d?d t? positions it??lf with r?????t t? r?gul?r ?nd instant coffee and ?imil?rl? in ???? of dried milk makers ??m? out with instant br??kf??t positioned ?? a br??kf??t substitute and virtu?ll? id?nti??l ?r?du?t ???iti?n?d ?? a dietary meal substitute.P??iti?ning strategy b???d ?n Cultural SymbolsIn today’s w?rld many ?dv?rt i??r? ?r? u?ing deeply entrenched cultural symbols t? diff?r?nti?t? th?ir br?nd? from th?t ?f ??m??tit?r?.The ????nti?l task is t? identify something th?t i? v?r? m??ningful to ????l? th?t ?th?r competitors are not u?ing ?nd ?????i?t? thi? br?nd with th?t ??mb?l.Air Indi? u??? m?h?r?j? as it? l?g?, b? thi? th?? are tr?ing to show th?t w? w?l??m? gu??t ?nd give th?m r???l treatment with l?t ?f r?????t ?nd it ?l?? highlight? Indian tr?diti?n. Using ?nd popularizing tr?d?m?rk? g?n?r?ll? follow thi? t??? ?f positioning.P??iti?ning ?tr?t?g? b???d ?n CompetitorsIn thi? t??? ?f ???iti?ning ?tr?t?gi??, ?n im?li?it or ?x?li?it fr?m? ?f reference i? ?n? or m?r? ??m??tit?r?. In some cases, reference competitor(s) can b? th? dominant aspect ?f th? positioning ?tr?t?gi?? of th? firm, the firm either uses the ??m? ?f similar ???iti?ning ?tr?t?gi?? ?? used b? the competitors ?r th? ?dv?rti??r uses a n?w strategy t?king th? competitors’ strategy ?? the b???.A g??d ?x?m?l? ?f this w?uld b? C?lg?t? ?nd Pepsodent. C?lg?t? wh?n entered into the market f??u??d ?n to f?mil? ?r?t??ti?n but when P????d?nt entered into th? market with f??u? ?n 24 h?ur ?r?t??ti?n ?nd b??i??ll? f?r kid?, C?lg?t? changed its f??u? fr?m f?mil? protection t? kids teeth ?r?t??ti?n which w?? a ???iti?ning strategy ?d??t?d because ?f competition.

Comma Splices Error or Eloquence

In traditional grammar, the term comma splice refers to two independent clauses separated by a comma instead of a period or semicolon. Comma splices, also known as comma faults, are often regarded as errors, especially if theyre likely to confuse or distract readers. However, comma splices may be used deliberately to emphasize the relationship between two short parallel clauses or to create a rhetorical effect of speed, excitement, or informality, though the result is almost always a run-on sentence. The easiest way to fix this type of error is to substitute a period or semicolon for the comma, though a process of coordination and subordination may also be used to make the sentence grammatically correct. Getting Away with Errors One of the most important rules English writers learn early on in studying grammar is that a writer must understand the rules of usage in order to break them effectively — thats the beauty of the English language: versatility. Even the popular style guidebook The Elements of Style by William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White say that a comma splice is preferable [to a semicolon] when the clauses are very short and alike in form, or when the  tone  of the sentence is easy and conversational. Built-in spelling and grammar checking services on popular word editing software like Microsoft Word even misses some comma splices because of the versatility of the commas usage and the frequency and eloquence of effective comma splice use in literature and professional writing. In advertising and journalism, a comma splice can be used for dramatic or stylistic effect or to emphasize a contrast between different ideas. Ann Raimes and Susan K. Miller-Cochran describe this usage choice in Keys for Writers, wherein they advise writers to take this stylistic risk only if you are sure of the effect you want to achieve. Correcting Comma Splices The most difficult part of correcting comma splices is actually identifying the error in the first place, wherein the writer must determine if the clauses can stand alone or if they belong together. Fortunately, once the writer determines a comma splice has been made in error, there are five common ways to fix the mistake. Edward P. Bailey and Philip A. Powell use the incorrectly spliced sentence we hiked for three days, we were very tired to illustrate the five common ways of fixing splices in The Practical Writer. The first method they offer is to change the comma to a period and capitalize the next word and the second is to change the comma to a semicolon. From there, it gets a bit more complicated. Bailey and Powell offer that a writer can also change the comma to a semicolon and add a conjunctive adverb like hence so that the newly corrected sentence will read we hiked for three days; hence, we were very tired. On the other hand, a writer could also leave the comma in place but add a coordinating conjunction like so before the second independent clause. Finally, the writer can change one of the independent clauses to an independent clause by adding a prepositional phrase like because, making the corrected sentence read Because we hiked for three days, we were very tired. In any of these cases, the writer is able to clarify their meaning and ease the audiences comprehension of the text. Sometimes, especially in poetic prose, it is better to leave the splice, though—it makes for more dynamic writing.

The Rwandan Genocide Essay - 1747 Words

The Rwandan Genocide History has a funny way of repeating itself. After World War II, the United States and the rest of the international community promised to do all they could to prevent future genocides. However this was a promise they were unable to keep. In 1994 when Rwanda went through genocide the United States and U.N were absent, leaving the Tutsis to be brutally murdered by the Hutus. As a consequence 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed and dumped into mass graves. Once again the United States and U.N promised to do more, but this time it was too late. Before the genocide, Rwanda existed as a country the size of Vermont with a population of 8 million. Rwanda was controlled by Belgium, who gained control of the†¦show more content†¦The Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR) and the Hutu militia known as the Interahamwe then went from house to house killing Tutsis and moderate Hutu politicians. U.N peacekeeping forces known as the UNAMIR (United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda) stood by as the slaughter went on as they were forbidden to intervene, because it would breach their monitoring mandate. The next day on April 7th , 1994 ten Belgian soldiers with UNAMIR, who were assigned to guard the moderate Hutu prime minister Uwilingiymana, were tricked into giving up their weapons and were brutally tortured and murdered along with Uwilingiymana. On April 9th, 1994, France and Belgium sent troops to rescue their citizens; American Citizens were also airlifted out. However no Rwandans were rescued, not even those who were employed by we stern governments. The Hutus were very brutal and efficient in killing the Tutsis. They broadcasted their hit lists of victims including their names, addresses and license plate numbers. Those who heard their name on the radio fled their homes because they knew if they stayed they would be killed. In the beginning, the Hutu were well-equipped militiamen who used grenades and guns to peruse their mission. In the countryside the Hutus initially used firearms, but when more and more Hutus joined in the killings, the weapons became more barbaric. The weapons changed from grenades and guns to knives, machetes,Show MoreRelatedThe Genocide Of The Rwandan Genocide Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994 and involved members of the Hutu mass killing Tutsi and Tutsi sympathizers who were Hutu. The genocide resulted in the deaths of around 800,000 people, majority Tutsi. The separation of classes came from Belgian internationals creating the two ethnic classes and giving power t o the Tutsi who were taller and had lighter skin, and generally appeared more European. In response to this, after the country gained independence from Belgium, Hutu extremists gatheredRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide And The Genocide1654 Words   |  7 PagesMiranda Shearer Mrs. Sohal/ Mrs. Love Period 3 17 October 2014 The Rwandan Genocide A genocide is defined as the deliberate killing of a group of people, especially of a certain ethnicity. By that definition and almost any other a dictionary could define, the killing of the Tutsis was certainly a genocide.The Rwandan Genocide occurred in 1994, in an African country called Rwanda. A long history of building friction between the Hutus and the Tutsis undeniably caused the mass murder of over 800,000Read MoreThe Genocide Of The Rwandan Genocide1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rwanda Genocide was an unfortunate case where thousands of deaths could have been prevented, but because of irresponsibility and selfishness of global governments’ innocent lives were lost. 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Simply speaking it was the indifference of global elites and political demagoguery that incitedRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide And The Genocide866 Words   |  4 PagesThe Rwandan genocide occurred during the period of April to July of 1994. This genocide was as a result of the Hutu ethnic majority slaughtering the Tutsi minority. During this period as much as 800,000 Tutsis were killed. The genocide was started by Hutu extremists in the capital of Kigali and the genocide soon spread across the country. Despi te all of this there were several survivors of the genocide. Immaculee Ilibagiza is one of those people. Immaculee Ilibagiza was born in 1972. She is theRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide1335 Words   |  5 PagesRwanda is a country made up of a population with three ethnic communities, the two main communities, the Hutu and Tutsi and an additional community of Twa (or pygmies) who all spoke the same language, Kinyarwanda or Rwandan (Clapham, 1998). There is a stereotype of appearance attributed to these two main communities, with Tutsi being seen as tall and having an aquiline shaped nose, and the Hutu as being short and flat-nosed (Clapham, 1998). In the pre-colonial state of Rwanda, it was the TutsisRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Rwandan Genocide2458 Words   |  10 PagesGenocide has been plaguing the world for hundreds of years. Millions of innocent lives have been taken all for the sake of prejudice. One of the most atrocious aspects of genocide is that a large percentage of them are sponsored by the state in which they are taking place. Over the years scholars have studied just wha t motivates a state to engage in such awful behavior. What motivates them? Why would they do such horrendous things to their own citizens? Is it solely for some economic incentive, orRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Rwandan Genocide Essay2042 Words   |  9 Pagespeople that commit genocide; we are all capable of it. 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The wayRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide And The Genocide1637 Words   |  7 PagesWith over eight hundred thousand to one million deaths, the Rwandan genocide is undoubtedly one of the most sad and shocking examples of the lack of intervention by not only the US and the UN, but by other countries as well. The ongoing tensions between the Hutu, the largest population in Rwanda, and the Tutsi, the smaller and more elite population is what eventually lead to the Rwandan genocide. The killings began quickly after President Habyarimana s plane was shot down. After hundreds of thousands

Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

The chief aim in this survey was to mensurate the quality of life ( QOL ) among the patients with diagnostic articulatio genus degenerative arthritis ( OA ) who go toing authorities primary wellness attention clinic. Other than that, this survey besides would wish to happen out the association between socio-demographic and medical position of patients with knee OA and their quality of life. The survey aims should be specific, mensurable, accurate, dependable and seasonableness. We will write a custom essay sample on Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this survey, the aims were mentioned that the QOL is being measured specifically on patients with a certain type of arthritis. The QOL was measured by utilizing 36SF which had been validated in old survey ( Kosinski, 1999 ) . The survey was able to carry on from1st September 2003 boulder clay 30th April 2004. Therefore, this survey aims were suitably defined. 3. Theory used There is no theory been mentioned in the survey. In this survey, the writers may utilize the quality of life theory. The theory is based on development towards felicity. In other words is, it is the ‘true being ‘ on the construct of human demands. The theory explains that if worlds take more duty for their ain life, they implement the good qualities into usage ; they will go free, happy, powerful and healthy. This is besides known as Maslow ‘s construct of self-actualization. It plays an of import map in modern medical specialty particularly in understanding the personal development holding chronic diseases.. 4. Hypothesis In this survey, there was no mentioning of any hypothesis. However, the void hypothesis that can be suggested is that ‘Patient with articulatio genus OA go toing authorities primary wellness attention clinic has good quality of life in both physical and mental constituent ‘ , wheares the alternate hypothesis could be written as ‘Patient with articulatio genus OA go toing authorities primary wellness attention clinic has hapless quality of life in both physical and mental constituent ‘ . 5. Research design This correlational design cross-sectional survey which was carried out from the 1st September 2003 boulder clay 30th April 2004. This survey qualifies as correlational because the informations collected provide themselves merely to readings about the grade of QOL to which the variables are related to each other. It would merely state us that there is a relationship between the OA conditions with HRQOT. 6. Sampling method The sampling method used was claimed as cosmopolitan sampling, in which all patients with symptoms of articulatio genus OA who attended two different authorities wellness clinics in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia were taken as sample. In position of the little graduated table survey which merely involved two authorities clinics, the entire patient with OA is besides little. To make a random trying would non be contributing in this instance. 7. Sample Through out the eight months of informations aggregation, merely 213 patients with OA were been registered. The inclusion standards that was laid out – in which all 50 old ages old and above patients that were sing the outpatient authorities wellness clinic, would be the participants. However, the exclusions standards was besides laid that those who were illiterate, who were unable to reply the questionnaire, who needed infirmary admittance, and those who needed or those with stationariness or abnormalcy of the lower limb. With the inclusion and exclusion standards, the survey managed to hold 151 participants finishing the questionnaire. In this survey, there was no adverting on how the minimal sample size computation was done. However, for the 1s that were unable to gauge that correlativity, the research workers may be able to utilize a simple comparing of the two proportions as a trial for the footing of gauging the sample size. Using PASS 2000 package, the computation of sa mple size is- if the proportions of the 2 groups in this survey were expected to be 0.20 and 0.35 ( ? = .05 ; A ; szlig ; = .20 [ 80 % power ] ) , the minimal sample size of 275 participants is needed ( Delucchi, 2004 ) . 8. Technique of informations aggregation Techniques in data-collection allow consistently aggregation of information about objects of survey and the scenes which they occur. In this survey, informations on the medical features and socio-demographic of the participants were recorded but did non mentioned where they were recorded. The SF-36 signifier Malay linguistic communication version was either self-administered by the participants or being led face-to-face by an interviewer. Any respondents by household members or friends to the SF-36 signifier were non entertained. It participants unable to understand the questionnaire, the research worker would merely re-read the inquiries. The participants would reply the inquiry harmonizing to their apprehension. Administering written questionnaire is a less expensive informations aggregation technique and it can cut down prejudices due to give voicing inquiry otherwise by different respondents. It gives namelessness to the respondents and permits more honorable response. However, i nquiries may be misunderstood by the respondents and every bit mentioned in the survey merely the literates were chosen as participants. 9. Measure/instruments In this survey, SF-36 was used to mensurate the HRQOL. It is a 36-item instrument designed to measure basic wellness constructs. It is relevant to be used across disease, age and intervention groups. It has been validated and a dependable generic instrument that has been used comprehensively to mensurate HRQOL. The Malay version of SF-36 had been translated and validated. It was used in the Malayan National Quality of Life Survey 2000. It measured eight spheres which consisted of physical operation ( PF ) , role-physical ( RP ) , bodily hurting ( BP ) , general wellness ( GH ) , vitality/energy ( VT ) , societal operation ( SF ) , function emotional ( RE ) and mental wellness ( MH ) . The tonss on each sphere ranged from 0 ( lower limit ) to 100 ( upper limit ) . The higher the tonss, indicates the wellness constituents to be better. Since this instruments has been validated and been used in assorted surveies, it is appropriate to utilize it in this survey. 10. Findingss The survey showed that taken as a whole mean tonss were supra 50.00 in all facets of QOL. There was comparatively lower mark in the spheres related to the physical wellness position as compared to the mental wellness position. The research workers besides run other analysis with the available informations and found that: a. a important negative correlativity between PF and age b. the males had better mark in bulk of the QOL facets, peculiarly in the PF c. patients with no formal instruction scored better in mental wellness constituent particularly in VT and RE. d. patients with co-morbidities shown to hit less than those without co-morbidity in most of the QOL domains particularly in SF. e. The continuance of articulatio genus hurting is negatively correlated with all the QOL facets except RE, and it besides showed to be significantly negative correlated with the RP sphere. f. patients with higher BMI scored lower QOL in SF. g. PF tonss was significantly association with age and gender. h. VT and RE tonss were important association with instruction degrees. Basically, the research workers would wish to reply to the aims that to mensurate the QOL among the patients with diagnostic articulatio genuss OA who go toing authorities primary wellness attention clinic and it showed that the average mark of all the facets of QOL that being studied was above 50.00. Research workers besides had find out some dealingss between the ‘patients with articulatio genus OA ‘ , their socio-demographic and medical position and their quality of life. However, the associations were non portrayed in a table signifier so that the reader would hold a better perceptual experience on the vicarship analysis findings. 11. Decision The decision in this survey answered the aim of the survey indirectly. It should province that the average mark of all the sphere in QOL was above 50.00 and may advert that the patients had comparatively hapless quality of life in the physical wellness constituents but less on the mental wellness. The research workers mentioned two of import forecasters of hapless PF in patient with articulatio genus OA which is female gender and older age, but did non demo how the forecasters were established. The research workers besides claimed that higher BMI patients suffered more hurting – which merely show relationship. 12. Interpretation The reading of informations was non clearly showed in this survey. The statistical analysis method mentioned was appropriate harmonizing to the variables and the aims. However, it is hard to construe the information when the overall bivariate analysis findings were non shown in the literature. The research workers merely mentioned the important findings. 13. Restriction This survey was carried out to the patient with articulatio genus OA who attended the authorities wellness clinic. Therefore, it can non be inferred to the general population. This is besides suggested by the research workers that a big graduated table community based survey should be conducted to understand more QOL factors impacting OA patients. The questionnaire was in Malay linguistic communication merely. This is bias towards other patient in different ethnicity. There should be validated multiple linguistic communications questionnaires to be used in this survey. By utilizing questionnaire as instrument of the survey, it had limited the participants to the literates. It would be appropriate to used mix technique to garner more diverse informations. 14. Ethical consideration In this survey, there is no mentioning of consent taken from the patients either verbal or written consent. The research workers of this survey may hold asked for consent but non mentioned here. Harmonizing to a codification of ethical rules by the American Psychological Association, for research workers who deals with human topics have to guarantee that research workers obtain informed consent from all topics, guarantee that topics are protected from injury and uncomfortableness, guarantee that all experimental informations are treated confidentially and eventually, the research workers have to explicate the experiment together with the consequences of the survey to the topics. 15. Strengths of the Study 15.1 Correlational design The major advantage of this design is that it is typically easy to carry on. This is because it gives associations between studied variables and may propose the possibility of cause. If the two variables are causally related, they must be correlated. So by demoing correlativity, it can be a utile first measure toward showing causing. 15.2 Instrument used The SF-36 signifier which was used in this survey had been validated and dependable to mensurate HRQOL in diverse groups. Malaysia with 15 other states had participated in interpreting and accommodating SF-36 signifier to analyze HRQOL through the International Quality of Life Assessment Project. Therefore, the findings in the survey can be used to mensurate and compare with surveies done in other states. 15.3 The innovator survey This is the first published HRQOL survey in patients with diagnostic articulatio genuss OA who attended the authorities wellness clinics done in Malaysia. It can be used as the base of farther surveies spread outing in deepness the QOL in patients with chronic diseases. 16. Failing of the Study 16.1 Correlational design The major disadvantage of this design is that it does non give clear input on the existent ground for the associations. It has less control over the variables and the environments and this caused trouble to give alternate accounts. It can non govern out immaterial variables as the causative factors of what is being observed. In this design, when two things are correlated, it does non give chance to straight deduce causing. 16.2 Instrument used Although the SF-36 signifier is validated, it is merely in Malay linguistic communication signifier. It had limited the patients that able to take part in this survey. 16.3 Unable to deduce findings to the population. The sample size in this survey is unequal for it to be inferred to the population. How to cite Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Mattel Incorporation

Abstract Mattel Incorporation has been using different contractors in countries such as China, Malaysia, and Singapore. This essay highlights the issues associated with toy safety. The paper discusses the actions undertaken by Mattel after the incident. The essay also describes the best practices towards improving the safety of children’s toys.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Mattel Incorporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mattel and Toy Safety In 2007, Mattel Incorporation â€Å"recalled its toys because they contained large quantities of lead† (Lawrence Weber, 2014, p. 533). The decision to recall such products was appropriate. The action was critical towards supporting the safety of the targeted children. Lead can cause numerous health challenges such as retardation, learning disabilities, attention deficit disorders, and kidney failure. The firm also acted ethically by focusing on th e best strategies. The practice dealt with the issue of lead poisoning. Mattel acted in an ethical manner after the disaster. However, the firm should have screened the affected children for lead poisoning. The approach would have made Mattel a more ethical firm. A number of players are responsible for exposing more children to harmful toys. The first stakeholder is Mattel Incorporation. The firm failed to test the toys before marketing them to the customers. The firm should have used aggressive methods to test every toy. This failure explains why more children were exposed to dangerous toys. The Chinese contractors can also be blamed for using unauthorized or inferior products. The paints used by these contractors and subcontractors contained lead compounds. The government had also failed to set the right toy-safety standards. Such standards would have improved the safety of these toys. The government should always undertake the right measures to protect its citizens. These stakeho lders should have acted in a responsible manner (Lawrence Weber, 2014).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Government regulators should use the most appropriate strategies in order to ensure the safety of children’s toys. The best approach entails the use of appropriate toy-safety standards. Such standards include proper testing for chemicals and lead compounds. However, a number of regulators would have responded differently to this issue. To begin with, government regulators in the United States would put much pressure on different companies. The approach can ensure such firms produce clean products. The government of China would focus on proper manufacturing standards. Consumer advocates should ensure every company monitors and tests its toys before marketing them to the targeted customers. The toy industry would focus on proper manufacturing processes (Lawrence Weber, 2014). Children’s product retailers can encourage the government to support its citizens using the best standards. Different standard-setting organizations will promote the use of appropriate business practices. These stakeholders tend to have different goals and objectives. This fact explains why such stakeholders have different points of view. The society should use appropriate strategies in order to protect its children from harmful toys. The use of mandatory safety standards will ensure every toy is safe for use. The government should monitor the appropriateness of every safety standard. It should also ensure every firm fulfills these requirements. Toy manufacturers should always use certified materials and standards.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Mattel Incorporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They should also use proper testing practices. Consumers should ensure such toys have unique marks of quality (Lawrence Weber, 2014). These stakeholders will eventually protect more children from harmful toys. Reference Lawrence, A., Weber, J. (2014). Business and Society. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. This case study on Mattel Incorporation was written and submitted by user Kayson Reed to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.